Overview

MySQL

Stacks128.5K

Followers108.6K

Votes3.8K

GitHub Stars11.8K

Forks4.1K

Oracle

Stacks2.4K

Followers1.8K

Votes113

PostgreSQL

Stacks100.6K

Followers83.9K

Votes3.5K

GitHub Stars19.0K

Forks5.2K

MySQL vs Oracle vs PostgreSQL: What are the differences?

Introduction

MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL are popular relational database management systems (RDBMS) used for storing and managing data. Each has its own set of features and capabilities, making them suitable for different purposes. In this comparison, we will highlight the key differences between MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL.

Performance: MySQL is known for its high performance and scalability, especially in web-based applications with simple data access patterns. Oracle, on the other hand, offers excellent performance for complex transactions and large-scale enterprise applications. PostgreSQL, while not as fast as MySQL or Oracle in certain scenarios, provides advanced optimization techniques for complex queries and multi-user concurrency.
Cost and Licensing: MySQL is an open-source RDBMS that is available for free under the GNU General Public License (GPL). It offers various editions, including a community edition with no licensing costs. Oracle, on the contrary, is a commercial database system that requires purchasing licenses based on factors like CPU cores and users. PostgreSQL is also an open-source database system that is free to use, without any licensing costs.
Feature Set and Extensibility: Oracle is known for its comprehensive feature set, including advanced security features, high availability, and scalability options. It also offers various additional products like Oracle Spatial for geospatial data management. MySQL, while not as extensive as Oracle, provides a rich set of features for common database operations and offers great flexibility. PostgreSQL, being highly extensible, allows developers to create custom data types, operators, and functions, making it suitable for complex application requirements.
SQL Standard Compliance: While all three databases adhere to the SQL standard to varying degrees, there are some differences in their SQL syntax and features. Oracle tends to have the strongest support for the SQL standard, followed by PostgreSQL, while MySQL may deviate from the standard in some cases. This can affect portability and compatibility with applications that rely heavily on standard SQL syntax.
Replication and High Availability: MySQL provides built-in replication features, making it easy to set up master-slave or master-master replication for data redundancy and high availability. Oracle also offers robust replication capabilities, including advanced options like real-time synchronization and data guard. PostgreSQL, although it has built-in replication mechanisms, lacks some of the advanced features found in MySQL and Oracle.
Community and Ecosystem: MySQL has a vibrant and active community with extensive documentation, online forums, and a wide range of third-party tools and libraries. Oracle has a large ecosystem that includes certified consultants, support services, and enterprise-grade tools. PostgreSQL also has a strong community and ecosystem, with active development, documentation, and a vast number of extensions available.

In summary, MySQL provides high performance and simplicity, Oracle offers enterprise-level scalability and advanced features, while PostgreSQL excels in extensibility and complex queries. The choice of database system depends on the specific requirements, budget, and scalability needs of the application.

Advice on MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL

George

Student

Mar 18, 2020

Needs adviceon

PostgreSQL

Python

Django

Hello everyone,

Well, I want to build a large-scale project, but I do not know which ORDBMS to choose. The app should handle real-time operations, not chatting, but things like future scheduling or reminders. It should be also really secure, fast and easy to use. And last but not least, should I use them both. I mean PostgreSQL with Python / Django and MongoDB with Node.js? Or would it be better to use PostgreSQL with Node.js?

*The project is going to use React for the front-end and GraphQL is going to be used for the API.

Thank you all. Any answer or advice would be really helpful!

620k views620k

Comments

Ido

Mar 6, 2020

Decided

My data was inherently hierarchical, but there was not enough content in each level of the hierarchy to justify a relational DB (SQL) with a one-to-many approach. It was also far easier to share data between the frontend (Angular), backend (Node.js) and DB (MongoDB) as they all pass around JSON natively. This allowed me to skip the translation layer from relational to hierarchical. You do need to think about correct indexes in MongoDB, and make sure the objects have finite size. For instance, an object in your DB shouldn't have a property which is an array that grows over time, without limit. In addition, I did use MySQL for other types of data, such as a catalog of products which (a) has a lot of data, (b) flat and not hierarchical, (c) needed very fast queries.

575k views575k

Comments

BrockHerion

May 6, 2020

Needs adviceon

MongoDB

PostgreSQL

Hi everybody, I'm developing an application to be used in a gym setting where athletes fill out a health survey, and coaches can analyze the results. However, due to the dynamic nature of some aspects of the app and more static aspects of the other, I am wondering if/how I would integrate MongoDB with my existing PostgreSQL database. I would like to store things like registrations, license information, and club information in Postgres, while I am thinking about moving things like user surveys, logging, and user settings information over to MongoDB. Some fields on the survey are integers, some large blocks of text, and some are arrays. My thought is, if I moved that data to MongoDB, it would give us greater flexibility in terms of adding and removing fields and data to them, and it would scale a lot easier than Postgres. Not to mention it will be easier to organize that kind of data. Is that overkill or am I approaching this issue the right way? Thank you!

691k views691k

Comments

Detailed Comparison

MySQL	Oracle	PostgreSQL
The MySQL software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Server is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software.	Oracle Database is an RDBMS. An RDBMS that implements object-oriented features such as user-defined types, inheritance, and polymorphism is called an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS). Oracle Database has extended the relational model to an object-relational model, making it possible to store complex business models in a relational database.	PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions.
Statistics
GitHub Stars 11.8K	GitHub Stars -	GitHub Stars 19.0K
GitHub Forks 4.1K	GitHub Forks -	GitHub Forks 5.2K
Stacks 128.5K	Stacks 2.4K	Stacks 100.6K
Followers 108.6K	Followers 1.8K	Followers 83.9K
Votes 3.8K	Votes 113	Votes 3.5K
Pros & Cons
Pros 800 Sql 679 Free 562 Easy 528 Widely used 490 Open source Cons 16 Owned by a company with their own agenda 3 Can't roll back schema changes	Pros 44 Reliable 33 Enterprise 15 High Availability 5 Expensive 5 Hard to maintain Cons 14 Expensive	Pros 764 Relational database 510 High availability 439 Enterprise class database 383 Sql 304 Sql + nosql Cons 10 Table/index bloatings

What are some alternatives to MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL?

MongoDB

MongoDB stores data in JSON-like documents that can vary in structure, offering a dynamic, flexible schema. MongoDB was also designed for high availability and scalability, with built-in replication and auto-sharding.

Microsoft SQL Server

Microsoft® SQL Server is a database management and analysis system for e-commerce, line-of-business, and data warehousing solutions.

SQLite

SQLite is an embedded SQL database engine. Unlike most other SQL databases, SQLite does not have a separate server process. SQLite reads and writes directly to ordinary disk files. A complete SQL database with multiple tables, indices, triggers, and views, is contained in a single disk file.

Cassandra

Partitioning means that Cassandra can distribute your data across multiple machines in an application-transparent matter. Cassandra will automatically repartition as machines are added and removed from the cluster. Row store means that like relational databases, Cassandra organizes data by rows and columns. The Cassandra Query Language (CQL) is a close relative of SQL.

Memcached

Memcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering.

MariaDB

Started by core members of the original MySQL team, MariaDB actively works with outside developers to deliver the most featureful, stable, and sanely licensed open SQL server in the industry. MariaDB is designed as a drop-in replacement of MySQL(R) with more features, new storage engines, fewer bugs, and better performance.

RethinkDB

RethinkDB is built to store JSON documents, and scale to multiple machines with very little effort. It has a pleasant query language that supports really useful queries like table joins and group by, and is easy to setup and learn.

ArangoDB

A distributed free and open-source database with a flexible data model for documents, graphs, and key-values. Build high performance applications using a convenient SQL-like query language or JavaScript extensions.

InfluxDB

InfluxDB is a scalable datastore for metrics, events, and real-time analytics. It has a built-in HTTP API so you don't have to write any server side code to get up and running. InfluxDB is designed to be scalable, simple to install and manage, and fast to get data in and out.

CouchDB

Apache CouchDB is a database that uses JSON for documents, JavaScript for MapReduce indexes, and regular HTTP for its API. CouchDB is a database that completely embraces the web. Store your data with JSON documents. Access your documents and query your indexes with your web browser, via HTTP. Index, combine, and transform your documents with JavaScript.