Dapper vs Entity Framework: What are the differences?

Introduction

In this article, we will explore the key differences between Dapper and Entity Framework in the context of database access in .NET applications.

1. Database Interaction Style: Dapper is a micro-ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) that provides a thin layer of abstraction over ADO.NET, whereas Entity Framework is a full-fledged ORM that offers a higher level of abstraction for database interaction.

2. Performance: Dapper is known for its exceptional performance due to its lightweight nature and direct mapping of SQL queries to objects. On the other hand, Entity Framework provides a broader feature set but may have a slightly higher performance overhead compared to Dapper.

3. Mappings and Code Generation: Dapper relies heavily on manual mapping of SQL results to object properties, whereas Entity Framework leverages automated mapping techniques and code generation. This results in increased productivity and reduced development time with Entity Framework, but sacrifices some control and flexibility compared to Dapper.

4. Flexibility: Dapper is highly flexible and allows developers to write custom SQL queries and utilize advanced database features effectively. Whereas, Entity Framework favors convention over configuration and promotes standardizing the database schema to work seamlessly with its features. This offers ease of use at the cost of certain flexibility.

5. Complexity and Learning Curve: Dapper is relatively simple to understand and use, making it an attractive choice for smaller projects or when direct control over SQL queries is desired. In contrast, Entity Framework is a more complex framework with a steeper learning curve. It requires understanding of various concepts such as migrations, DbContext, and LINQ to efficiently work with it.

6. Design and Development Approach: Due to its lightweight nature, Dapper is often preferred when following a domain-driven design approach or when working with legacy databases. Entity Framework, on the other hand, is well-suited for larger enterprise applications with complex domain models that can benefit from the framework's full-stack solution.

In summary, Dapper is a lightweight micro-ORM offering excellent performance and control over SQL queries, while Entity Framework provides a more comprehensive ORM solution with advanced features, improved productivity, and a broader range of functionalities. The choice between them depends on the specific project requirements, performance considerations, and the level of control and flexibility desired by the developer.