Objective-C vs Smalltalk: What are the differences?

Key Differences between Objective-C and Smalltalk

Objective-C and Smalltalk are both object-oriented programming languages, but they have several key differences.

1. Message Passing: In Objective-C, message passing is implemented using square brackets and method signatures. Smalltalk, on the other hand, uses round brackets and does not have explicit method signatures.

2. Syntax: Objective-C is a superset of C, so it inherits a similar syntax, including the use of semicolons and curly braces. Smalltalk, on the other hand, has a more minimalist syntax with a focus on readability and simplicity.

3. Dynamic Binding: Objective-C uses dynamic binding, meaning that method calls are resolved at runtime. Smalltalk also uses dynamic binding, but it handles method lookup through an indirect process known as "sending a message."

4. Memory Management: Objective-C uses manual memory management, where developers are responsible for allocating and deallocating memory. Smalltalk, on the other hand, uses automatic memory management through garbage collection.

5. Libraries and Frameworks: Objective-C has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, particularly for iOS and macOS development, due to its close association with Apple's platforms. Smalltalk also has libraries and frameworks, but it may not have the same breadth and depth as Objective-C.

6. Community and Adoption: Objective-C has a larger community and wider adoption, especially within the iOS and macOS development communities. Smalltalk has a smaller but dedicated community, primarily focused on specific Smalltalk implementations such as Pharo and Squeak.

In summary, Objective-C and Smalltalk differ in terms of message passing syntax, general syntax, dynamic binding, memory management approach, availability of libraries and frameworks, as well as community and adoption.